Just when you think TERFs cannot sink any further into their cesspit of ignorance and fanaticism they surprise me and do so. Although having said that they also do not surprise me, if you see what I mean. This time one of the most fanatical TERFs has set up a website which appropriates the murder of trans people. Sickening. In my opinion the product of a badly diseased mind.
I'm not going to link to it here, it does not deserve additional publicity. This site imposes its own interpretations of the deaths of trans people and, simplistically as usual, puts the deaths of trans people down to the essentialist concept of "male violence". This is an oversimplification the likes of which led one particularly ignorant UK-based TERF to say that trans people should not exist because they "obcure the clear lines of oppression of women." It is also a deliberate misrepresentation of the reasons that trans people are murdered.
Aside from the fact that some trans people are murdered by women, including a Spanish trans man who was tortured to death by two women a few years ago, and the women who were part of the medical teams that have refused to treat trans victims of accidents, it is wrong because it obscures the reasons trans people are murdered which are largely structural and cultural.
The majority of trans people are murdered because they are forced to exist in vulnerable situations. The bulk, in excess of 80%, of recorded trans murders are in Latin America. They are usually murdered because they live in vulnerable situations and, for cultural ressons, do not have the protection of the police. Many trans women in particular, are forced into sex work because they are denied access to employment and education. It is likely that a significant number, if not the majority, of those who deny them access to education, are women (since women tend to predominate in employment in schools and colleges). This has the result that they have nowhere else to go but survival sex. Doing sex work leaves them particularly vulnerable, especially to drive-by shootings and murder caused by unusually violent clients. This does not merely result in death but in huge numbers of trans people being injured in such attacks every year.
This is not a product of the simplistic concept of "male violence"; an essentialising concept which seeks to position all men as inherently violent, something which is simply not the case, it is a result of the structure of society and its cisgenderist culture.
The problem, which makes the Westboro Baptist TERFs action even more sickening, is that back in the US in the 1980s, under the Reagan administration it was TERFs who connived with this particularly nasty, and indeed misogynistic, right-wing government, to withdraw medical services for many of the poorest trans people. This resulted in them having to resort to sex work in order to pay for treatment. So the TERFs are the ones who were responsible for the extremely high murder rate of, particularly black and Hispanic, trans people. The hypocrisy is mind-numbing.
To then seek to appropriate the murders of trans people for their own simplistic and essentialising purposes places them beneath contempt.
I can't imagine that they can sink any lower than this. But I am sure they will...
Tuesday, 14 May 2013
Tuesday, 23 April 2013
TERFs, MRAs and lies about trans people.
The recent decision by the London Irish Centre to cancel the transphobic TERF13 (otherwise known as “Radfem 2013”) conference has resulted in a tsunami of
misinformation, disinformation and downright lies from TERF*s and MRA**s alike.
MRAs have claimed that violent protest action by members of
MRA groups caused the conference to be cancelled.
TERFs have claimed that violent protest action by members of
MRA groups caused the conference to be cancelled.
The truth is much less headline-grabbing and much less
useful to both TERFs and MRAs, both of whom have an interest in presenting this
as a victory of MRAs over TERFs, both of which have appropriated trans people’s
legitimate opposition to TERF transphobia and hate-mongering for their own
hateful and divisive narratives.
The TERFs want to portray their conference as being
cancelled because of male violence. This is to help them gain credibility with
other feminists. They need to do this because they lack credibility in every other area. They have also been quick to call this a "pincer action" between
MRAs and trans people. Their desperation to portray trans people as working
with MRAs being so great that they have done so in their usual, evidence-free
way.
MRAs have been desperate to portray their action against
TERFs as successful, probably to justify themselves as fighting against
feminist oppression, a fantasy which, like TERF ideology, is also evidence-free.
However this is what the London Irish Centre has said about
this issue:
“We did some research into RadFem and discovered certain
language was used and some statements were made about transgender people that
would go against our equalities and diversity policy.”
In other words the cancellation has nothing to do with MRAs
and everything to do with the LIC’s equalities and diversity policy. It is
interesting how venues tend to cancel TERF bookings once the issue of TERF discrimination and aggression towards
trans people is pointed out to them and they do some research. This is exactly
what happened the previous year with Conway Hall. It is becoming a kind of
ritual;
Annual TERF hate-fest cancellation ritual
- TERFs decide to have a hate-fest disguised as a conference
- TERFs try to book a ‘respectable’ venue in an attempt to add credibility to their hate fest
- Trans people point out to the conference venue some of the things that TERFs have said or done
- Trans people suggest the venue does a bit of research independently about TERFs
- The venue does a bit of research independently
- The venue realises what TERFs are really like
- The venue cancels the booking
- TERFs accuse trans people of threats/violence/intimidation/the usual rubbish
- Trans people get on with their lives and ignore TERFs like everyone else does
- TERFs try to claim some kind of credibility from the whole thing and claim ‘silencing’ despite the obvious fact that TERFs are the ones trying to silence and intimidate trans people.
Notice here how the whole exercise seems to be a TERF
attempt to obtain credibility. This is important because their arguments and
general behaviour (intimidation, threats, outing trans people, breaches of
privacy/copyright, silencing, calling for trans people’s extermination,
attempts at delegitimizing trans people, bullying etc.) are partly why their
ideology has no credibility. As such the only way they can possibly manufacture
credibility is to claim to be ‘silenced’ or ‘censored’ and bullied by MRAs.
The MRAs in turn have tried to claim credibility for what is
essentially a misogynist hate movement that oppresses women under the guise of male
‘liberation’. They employ online attacks and attempt to silence feminists
through threats of violence and online bullying of feminist bloggers and journalists. In this
case they have claimed that their violent and intimidatory tactics against the
TERFs and the London Irish Centre are justified and successful. To that end
they have appropriated the actions of trans people who have calmly and
peacefully, through reasoned argument, persuaded both the LIC and Conway Hall
to do some research and rethink their bookings.
Trans people reject the tactics and aims of MRAs. MRAs
represent the patriarchy, actively promote a culture and ideology that oppresses trans people
as well as cisgender women, and tries to silence feminists. To appropriate
trans people for their oppressive action is the worst kind of hypocrisy.
Your Handy Guide to the differences between TERFs and MRAs;
TERFs
|
MRAs
|
Make evidence-free claims
|
Make evidence-free claims
|
Misrepresent trans people
|
Misrepresent trans people
|
Use threats and bullying as a matter of course
|
Use threats and bullying as a matter of course
|
Try to present their own oppressive actions as a struggle
against oppression
|
Try to present their own oppressive actions as a struggle
against oppression
|
Try to manufacture aggression to claim credibility for an
ideology which has none
|
Try to manufacture aggression to claim credibility for an
ideology which has none
|
Lie a lot
|
Lie a lot
|
Attribute the actions of one trans person, to the entire
trans community
|
Attribute the actions of one trans person, to the entire
trans community
|
Consider trans women to be men
|
Consider trans women to be men
|
Have an interest portraying the cancellation as the result
of MRA threats and intimidation
|
Have an interest portraying the cancellation as the result
of MRA threats and intimidation
|
Friday, 1 March 2013
Press Release from Protest Transphobia
For immediate release: [01/03/2013]
A Community United Against Police Transphobia
Photo opportunity: Anti Transphobia Demonstration: Saturday March 2nd, 14:00 - 16:00 Charing Cross Police Station, Agar Street WC2N 4JP
We are a newly formed pressure group Protest Transphobia and will be holding a peaceful protest outside the Charing Cross Police Station following the horrendous treatment of a trans person by the Metropolitan Police Service last week. The violent and dehumanizing treatment of Jose Dos Santos, 49 has drawn widespread criticism of police attitudes towards transgender people.
Mr Johnson, a witness to the attack who prefers to be identified only by his surname, reported that “The victim then had her wig ripped from her head, her handbag and purse literally emptied out on the road, so her personal belongings were damaged and scattered around her.”
'Meanwhile police officers mocked her for her dress and having feminine items in her handbag shouting at her: "You're not normal! We'll let you get up in a few minutes but you need to act like a normal human being."
The attack is reported to have continued with painful and excessive force being used on the victim as a crowd gathered.
Group member and co-organiser Fathias Yanez commented;
“The attack on Ms Santos fills me with despair. Why is transphobia still acceptable? Will we ever be treated as humans and be safe? We are resisting transphobia!”
Although this protest will target the police station and officers directly involved in last week’s violent attack, the group aims to raise national awareness of the transphobia rife throughout UK Police Forces.
The Police have kindly agreed to meet with the Protest Transphobia group at 15:00 to state their position and also to discuss the concerns that the group have.
Protest Transphobia are a group of people committed to challenging the transphobia that pervades our media, our institutions and our lives.
London’s LGBT Community Safety Charity, Galop, has been collecting statistics on the number of reported transphobic hate crimes. In 2010 there were 82 transphobic hate crimes reported to the Metropolitan Police. In 2011 the number reported had dropped to 74.
Nick Antjoule, Casework & Development Officer at Galop, commented that although current figures show a 10% reduction in reported incidents between 2010 and 2011 he believes this masks the real issue as transphobic hate crime is under reported and is not reflected in the figures provided.
Notes for Editors
Protest Transphobia was originally formed in response to the Guardian’s decision to publish an article by Julie Burchill, despite the piece being violently transphobic. The group hopes to raise awareness not only of transphobia in the UK but also of the anti-transphobia campaigning of groups such as Galop, rarely reported in the mainstream media. The original article that reported this incident first appeared in Gay Star News:http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/london-police-accussed-mocking-sick-trans-brutal-arrest210213
Group members are willing to be interviewed and photographed either at the demonstration or at your convenience.
Protest Transphobia
Email contact@protest-transphobia.org
Website www.protest-transphobia.org
Facebook www.facebook.com/groups/532466710119803/
A Community United Against Police Transphobia
Photo opportunity: Anti Transphobia Demonstration: Saturday March 2nd, 14:00 - 16:00 Charing Cross Police Station, Agar Street WC2N 4JP
We are a newly formed pressure group Protest Transphobia and will be holding a peaceful protest outside the Charing Cross Police Station following the horrendous treatment of a trans person by the Metropolitan Police Service last week. The violent and dehumanizing treatment of Jose Dos Santos, 49 has drawn widespread criticism of police attitudes towards transgender people.
Mr Johnson, a witness to the attack who prefers to be identified only by his surname, reported that “The victim then had her wig ripped from her head, her handbag and purse literally emptied out on the road, so her personal belongings were damaged and scattered around her.”
'Meanwhile police officers mocked her for her dress and having feminine items in her handbag shouting at her: "You're not normal! We'll let you get up in a few minutes but you need to act like a normal human being."
The attack is reported to have continued with painful and excessive force being used on the victim as a crowd gathered.
Group member and co-organiser Fathias Yanez commented;
“The attack on Ms Santos fills me with despair. Why is transphobia still acceptable? Will we ever be treated as humans and be safe? We are resisting transphobia!”
Although this protest will target the police station and officers directly involved in last week’s violent attack, the group aims to raise national awareness of the transphobia rife throughout UK Police Forces.
The Police have kindly agreed to meet with the Protest Transphobia group at 15:00 to state their position and also to discuss the concerns that the group have.
Protest Transphobia are a group of people committed to challenging the transphobia that pervades our media, our institutions and our lives.
London’s LGBT Community Safety Charity, Galop, has been collecting statistics on the number of reported transphobic hate crimes. In 2010 there were 82 transphobic hate crimes reported to the Metropolitan Police. In 2011 the number reported had dropped to 74.
Nick Antjoule, Casework & Development Officer at Galop, commented that although current figures show a 10% reduction in reported incidents between 2010 and 2011 he believes this masks the real issue as transphobic hate crime is under reported and is not reflected in the figures provided.
Notes for Editors
Protest Transphobia was originally formed in response to the Guardian’s decision to publish an article by Julie Burchill, despite the piece being violently transphobic. The group hopes to raise awareness not only of transphobia in the UK but also of the anti-transphobia campaigning of groups such as Galop, rarely reported in the mainstream media. The original article that reported this incident first appeared in Gay Star News:http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/london-police-accussed-mocking-sick-trans-brutal-arrest210213
Group members are willing to be interviewed and photographed either at the demonstration or at your convenience.
Protest Transphobia
Email contact@protest-transphobia.org
Website www.protest-transphobia.org
Facebook www.facebook.com/groups/532466710119803/
Sunday, 24 February 2013
"Saint" Vince Cable, loses his halo.
![]() |
| Vince's treatment of the poor, students, the disabled, crime victims, the elderly deserves better than this. |
In an interview that was little more than a rather unprofessional attempt to brush it all under the carpet, Cable argued that losing the triple-A rating was not so important. Suggesting that it was merely "symbolic" he described it as "background noise."
Interesting then that he has been part of a government that has justified extremely severe cuts in public services, including the massive hike in fees for university students that he promised he would never vote for, in order to save the AAA rating. Perhaps Cable could tell everyone when the retention of the rating changed from being "vital" and used as the justification for huge waves of cuts, to being "symbolic" and "background noise."
Will he now campaign to pay back those students who have taken on huge loans, will he now campaign to pay back those disabled people who have had their benefits removed, plunging them into poverty, further illness and in some cases death? Will he campaign to get EMA restored so that those young people languishing without either jobs, education or training can have their futures back?
Justifying cuts on the basis of retaining the AAA-rating was part of his government's excuse for;
- slashing social services,
- lengthening NHS waiting lists,
- privatising hospitals,
- removing EMAs from the poorest students,
- closing Sure Start centres.
- making tens of thousands of people homeless by cutting housing benefit
- cutting police numbers
- cutting the pay of millions of public sector workers
- forcing millions into dead-end jobs on poverty wages
- forcing the unemployed into 'workfare' slavery schemes, which actually cost jobs
- imposing a 'granny tax'
- flatlining the economy and driving down productivity
- plunging hundered of thousands of more children into poverty
...and plenty more besides. You have now heard it from the horse's mouth. According to Vince, much of this was unneccessary. If the downgrade was merely symbolic background noise then many of these cuts were not needed.
Cable cannot have it both ways. Either the downgrade from AAA was a serious blow or it wasn't. Or to put it another way; either Cable was lying two years ago, or he is lying today.
Which is it Vince?
Tuesday, 19 February 2013
TERF13: At worst a distraction...
OK so TERF13 has now been announced and
TERFs everywhere are preparing for their usual, and highly predictable
so-called "Radfem 2013" conference in the backstreet, somewhat hidden-away venue
of the London Irish Centre. A far cry
from the gothic, marbled splendor of Conway Hall the conference will feature
the usual suspects spouting their usual transphobic diatribes. You have heard
them all before they don’t need repeating, we are all to be made a "human rights violation" (Jeffries) and "mandated out of existence" (Raymond), etc. Yes you've heard it many times before like a broken record. The worst and most hate-mongering
offenders; Jeffries and Brennan on the same platform... yawn. How the former got
to be an academic I don’t know, how the latter got to be a lawyer, I can’t
imagine.
But hey-ho, I guess we will never be
completely free of ignorant, bigoted people. The best tactic this time however;
let them get on with it. Let the world see what they stand for, let the world
see their hatred and their bigotry. The rest of the world caught a glimpse of
this with Julie Burchill’s infamous transphobic article in the Observer. It is
in our interests to allow the likes of Brennan and Jeffries to be heard loudly
and clearly by the rest of the world without pandering to their fantasies about a trans cabal. Their hatred, their discrimination, their
bigotry cannot be dressed up in any way that can make it seem palatable to
everyone else. Their monolithic and ultimately coercive view of gender and
indeed the world has probably been responsible for the some of reversals that feminism
has suffered in recent years.
An alternative conference, which would be
intersectional and feminist, is a good idea and I am glad that some people are
actively pursuing this possibility. BTW just in case there are any TERFs
reading this; you don’t need an MA in gender studies to understand
“intersectionality”, primary school maths, level three, taught to 8-9 year oldswill suffice; Venn diagrams plus a pinch of commonsense/intelligence. OK so I know some of you struggle with both of these but persevere...
So I suggest that trans people get on with
much more important stuff; there’s Leveson, there’s equal marriage and there’s
#transdocfail and the brave new world of the privatised NHS as well as huge numbers of trans people still being murdered in
places like Latin America. There are also young trans people unable to get jobs
and being forced into survival sex, young trans people who are homeless, and
trans children who are bullied out of school.
TERF13 is a sideshow. Until the 8th June it deserves to
be ignored. On the 8th of June it deserves the best we can give in
terms of an alternative intersectional feminist conference to show them up for
what they are and deal with real issues confronting all women everywhere. Even then it still deserves to be given the cold shoulder, concentrate on our issues not theirs, fight on our home territory not theirs, link up with our allies, our supporters and our friends.
Monday, 18 February 2013
St Valentine's Day Misogyny
The 14th of February was a very revealing experience to live through this year, and that was not because of a great night enjoying pink champagne and salmon sashimi with my partner. It was the UK mainstream media that made it significant.
The attitude of the gutter press when reporting the death of Reeva Steenkamp lifted the lid on an industry still intent on plumbing further depths in spite of the Leveson Inquiry. Led downwards as usual by Rupert Murdoch’s papers’ increasingly desperate attempts to attract readers after a good section of the population has clearly decided never again to by the Sun, the ‘sexy’ images of the murdered woman adorned the front page in place of the usual wankfodder.
Yet that same mainstream media also failed to report at all on the worldwide demonstrations of women against rape and violence against women which constituted the Billionrise movement. This movement, which had originated largely in the 3rd World from the catalyst of the appalling gang-rape and murder of a young student in Delhi, represented millions of women campaigning against the violence and rape which ruins the lives of a billion women worldwide, including transwomen, young girls, married women, lesbians, rich women and poor women of all races. The fact that a third of the female population of this planet is suffering from male-perpetrated violence is a huge issue. It is an issue that makes the other issues of the day pale into insignificance.
Yet it was ignored by the mainstream media (with the notable exceptions of the Guardian, New Statesman and Independent) In particular the BBC failed to report it, preferring to lead with the report of Reeva Steenkamp’s murder.
So my question is this: which is worse, the treatment of Reeva by an increasingly pathetic and desperate Rupert Murdoch or the deliberate censorship of this issue by the BBC, an organization which should be more impartial and carry stories which go beyond the cosy rightwing misogynistic media consensus of the Mail and Murdoch?
The Steenkamp murder and the Billon Women Rise media event and non-event illustrates how deeply complicit mainstream media is in the oppression of women. One, high-profile example of male violence against women dominates the headlines on a day when millions of women worldwide were demonstrating against violence against women. Yet the media failed to draw any link whatsoever between the two, indeed it is likely that the latter was deliberately ignored as a matter of policy.
This represents a deliberate erasure of women and women’s issues. When the Murdoch news-for-wankers treatment of Reeva Steenkamp is factored in, the episode reveals a concerted policy of oppression of women; not simply a misogynistic culture within the media, not simply institutionalised misogyny, but a deliberate ideology of oppression. The mainstream, rightwing media is, of course, known as an oppressive machine, which exists to impose rightwing political dogma and suppress anything opposed to that, but the lengths to which they are prepared to go to reinforce women’s suppression is quite breathtaking in this case, and certainly very revealing.
As a trans woman I am used to experience a media-imposed culture which legitimized hate-crime and delegitimizes my identity, this episode demonstrates the lengths this media machine is prepared to go to oppress all women. This is an area where trans people can have common cause with those women campaigning against media misogyny…
The attitude of the gutter press when reporting the death of Reeva Steenkamp lifted the lid on an industry still intent on plumbing further depths in spite of the Leveson Inquiry. Led downwards as usual by Rupert Murdoch’s papers’ increasingly desperate attempts to attract readers after a good section of the population has clearly decided never again to by the Sun, the ‘sexy’ images of the murdered woman adorned the front page in place of the usual wankfodder.
Yet that same mainstream media also failed to report at all on the worldwide demonstrations of women against rape and violence against women which constituted the Billionrise movement. This movement, which had originated largely in the 3rd World from the catalyst of the appalling gang-rape and murder of a young student in Delhi, represented millions of women campaigning against the violence and rape which ruins the lives of a billion women worldwide, including transwomen, young girls, married women, lesbians, rich women and poor women of all races. The fact that a third of the female population of this planet is suffering from male-perpetrated violence is a huge issue. It is an issue that makes the other issues of the day pale into insignificance.
Yet it was ignored by the mainstream media (with the notable exceptions of the Guardian, New Statesman and Independent) In particular the BBC failed to report it, preferring to lead with the report of Reeva Steenkamp’s murder.
So my question is this: which is worse, the treatment of Reeva by an increasingly pathetic and desperate Rupert Murdoch or the deliberate censorship of this issue by the BBC, an organization which should be more impartial and carry stories which go beyond the cosy rightwing misogynistic media consensus of the Mail and Murdoch?
The Steenkamp murder and the Billon Women Rise media event and non-event illustrates how deeply complicit mainstream media is in the oppression of women. One, high-profile example of male violence against women dominates the headlines on a day when millions of women worldwide were demonstrating against violence against women. Yet the media failed to draw any link whatsoever between the two, indeed it is likely that the latter was deliberately ignored as a matter of policy.
This represents a deliberate erasure of women and women’s issues. When the Murdoch news-for-wankers treatment of Reeva Steenkamp is factored in, the episode reveals a concerted policy of oppression of women; not simply a misogynistic culture within the media, not simply institutionalised misogyny, but a deliberate ideology of oppression. The mainstream, rightwing media is, of course, known as an oppressive machine, which exists to impose rightwing political dogma and suppress anything opposed to that, but the lengths to which they are prepared to go to reinforce women’s suppression is quite breathtaking in this case, and certainly very revealing.
As a trans woman I am used to experience a media-imposed culture which legitimized hate-crime and delegitimizes my identity, this episode demonstrates the lengths this media machine is prepared to go to oppress all women. This is an area where trans people can have common cause with those women campaigning against media misogyny…
Monday, 4 February 2013
Translation of article about Fernanda Milan in Danish newspaper Politiken
BY FLEMMING CHRISTIANSEN
"Transgender human rights activist Fernanda
Milán from Guatemala was due to be deported from Denmark after refusal of
asylum.
But now Refugee Board has changed his mind.
It is the first time a transgender person seeking asylum has obtained
protection in this country. Fernanda Milán has even been recognized as
'genuine' refugee under the UN Refugee Convention.
Fundamental importance
The Asylum Counselor in the organization LGBT
Denmark (National Association for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender
people) Søren Laursen is no doubt that the decision is of great fundamental
importance.
"Now it has been established that
people who are persecuted in their home country because of their sexuality or
gender identity, need the same protection as other groups," says Søren
Laursen.
Fernanda Milán herself was almost disbelief
when she got the message. "Finally justice, I thought."
Since she was little, she felt that her
body was wrong, so even at the age of 14 she began taking female hormones. She
has experienced persecution and violence in her homeland, where police have
threatened her – but also because she went public and openly fought for
transgender people's rights.
In Guatemala, trans people have few opportunities
but to earn a living out of prostitution. Fernanda left the country and ended
up in a brothel in Jutland in 2009, and after a police raid she came in contact
with the organization's Nest International – but even in Denmark, life has not
been easy.
Fernanda Milán has talked about humiliation
and abuse committed by other asylum seekers in asylum center Sandholm.
Rare refugee status
Shortly after the rejection of asylum in
September LGBT Denmark wrote to the Refugee Board arguiing that Denmark protects
sexual minority asylum-seekers far worse than many other countries.
People who are persecuted in their home
country because of their sexuality or gender identity, can have an equal need
of protection as other groups
Søren Laursen, Asylum Counselor in the
organization LGBT Denmark said "Already in Denmark, in certain cases there have been gay, lesbian and
transgender people who called protection. But refugee status under the UN
Convention, which gives more rights, had never been granted.
The answer came in a letter, in which the
Board found that "LGBT people will in their view be recognized as
belonging to a particular social group and thus covered by the Refugee
Convention." Since the new message is Fernanda’s refugee status has become
a reality.
She has here been strongly supported by
grassroots organization T-Refugee, and according to spokesperson Stine Larsen
also that transgender future easier could get asylum - because now the Refugee
Convention in the back.
The long and torturous case demonstrates in
Stine Larsen's view, however, that "it can be completely random who gets
asylum '.
"But we are pleased that it pays to
fight alongside people like Fernanda. Many strings were pulled, and it is a
testament to the fact that Denmark, after all, is a democracy. "
Lawyer Gunnar Homann, who has led the
proceedings before the Refugee Board, is in no doubt about the importance of
the Decision. "It will probably also lead to homosexuals being able to
claim the status of UN refugees," he said.
The decision of Fernanda Milan's case came
in November, but the support group has not publicized it until now because
Fernanda did not feel well at the time. She tells Politiken that she has been
exhausted after all this struggle.
"But now I have to make me a future
and find jobs. And I will continue to work for justice for transgender people
and others whose human rights are not recognized. ""
Translated from Danish by Natacha Kennedy
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